Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland characterized by swelling on the front and sides of the neck. Two types are simple and exophthalmic goiter. Goiter can also be caused by hereditary factors and excessive intake of iodine. Symptoms include thyroid enlargement which vary from single small nodule to massive enlargement or a neck lump. One experiences swallowing difficulties due to compression of the esophagus.

Toxic goiter usually present symptoms of thyrotoxicosis such as palpitations, hyperactivity, weight loss despite of improved appetite and tolerance to heat. While most goiter cases presents symptoms of neck mass, difficulty in breathing and swallowing. Surgery. This is the most common form of treatment. It is called a thyroidectomy. This is the removal of the malignant lobes in the thyroid glands. It can be a full removal or a partial one. It may be necessary to take levothyroxine after the operation surgery, depending on how much of the thyroid gland was being removed during surgery.

An individual may also have hoarseness or change in their voice as the swelling of the gland causes a compression on the recurrent laryngeal nerve. A feeling of tightness may also occur in the throat as well as coughing. Obviously, the best way to prevent this problem is by taking iodine-rich foods. But sometimes, even if a person gets enough iodine from his diet, he or she may still develop goiter. This is because certain foods may actually prevent the thyroid gland from using the iodine.

Whether or not you need surgery depends on the kind of goiter you have. If the thyroid gland continues to enlarge despite the use of antithyroid drugs or radioactive iodine, an operation may be necessary. Small goiters are not as much of a concern as large ones. Large goiters make it a challenge to swallow or breathe. They also cause coughing and hoarseness. There are associated symptoms such as fatigue, inexplicable weight loss or insomnia.

Symptoms of goiter are a swelling at the base of the neck, hoarseness, change in the rate of metabolism, and in extreme cases, difficulty in swallowing and breathing. Neck enlargement may also occur. This can be particularly related to a goiter, which is a particular kind of thyroid problem. It can be related to hyperthyroidism, in which case it is known as a toxic goiter; nontoxic refers to those with normal thyroid function, or low levels (hypothyroidism). It is important to note that left undiagnosed and untreated, the symptoms of hypothyroidism in infants and children can lead to a lifetime of health problems and stunt physical growth.

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